Neural fields, also known as coordinate-based or implicit neural representations, have shown a remarkable capability of representing, generating, and manipulating various forms of signals. For video representations, however, mapping pixel-wise coordinates to RGB colors has shown relatively low compression performance and slow convergence and inference speed. Frame-wise video representation, which maps a temporal coordinate to its entire frame, has recently emerged as an alternative method to represent videos, improving compression rates and encoding speed. While promising, it has still failed to reach the performance of state-of-the-art video compression algorithms. In this work, we propose FFNeRV, a novel method for incorporating flow information into frame-wise representations to exploit the temporal redundancy across the frames in videos inspired by the standard video codecs. Furthermore, we introduce a fully convolutional architecture, enabled by one-dimensional temporal grids, improving the continuity of spatial features. Experimental results show that FFNeRV yields the best performance for video compression and frame interpolation among the methods using frame-wise representations or neural fields. To reduce the model size even further, we devise a more compact convolutional architecture using the group and pointwise convolutions. With model compression techniques, including quantization-aware training and entropy coding, FFNeRV outperforms widely-used standard video codecs (H.264 and HEVC) and performs on par with state-of-the-art video compression algorithms.

Neural radiance fields (NeRF) have demonstrated the potential of coordinate-based neural representation (neural fields or implicit neural representation) in neural rendering. However, using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to represent a 3D scene or object requires enormous computational resources and time. There have been recent studies on how to reduce these computational inefficiencies by using additional data structures, such as grids or trees. Despite the promising performance, the explicit data structure necessitates a substantial amount of memory. In this work, we present a method to reduce the size without compromising the advantages of having additional data structures. In detail, we propose using the wavelet transform on grid-based neural fields. Grid-based neural fields are for fast convergence, and the wavelet transform, whose efficiency has been demonstrated in high-performance standard codecs, is to improve the parameter efficiency of grids. Furthermore, in order to achieve a higher sparsity of grid coefficients while maintaining reconstruction quality, we present a novel trainable masking approach. Experimental results demonstrate that non-spatial grid coefficients, such as wavelet coefficients, are capable of attaining a higher level of sparsity than spatial grid coefficients, resulting in a more compact representation. With our proposed mask and compression pipeline, we achieved state-of-the-art performance within a memory budget of 2 MB. Our code is available at https://github.com/daniel03c1/masked_wavelet_nerf.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

The findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles have provided a framework for examining, evaluating, and improving how we share data with the aim of facilitating scientific discovery. Efforts have been made to generalize these principles to research software and other digital products. Artificial intelligence (AI) models -- algorithms that have been trained on data rather than explicitly programmed -- are an important target for this because of the ever-increasing pace with which AI is transforming scientific and engineering domains. In this paper, we propose a practical definition of FAIR principles for AI models and create a FAIR AI project template that promotes adherence to these principles. We demonstrate how to implement these principles using a concrete example from experimental high energy physics: a graph neural network for identifying Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks. We study the robustness of these FAIR AI models and their portability across hardware architectures and software frameworks, and report new insights on the interpretability of AI predictions by studying the interplay between FAIR datasets and AI models. Enabled by publishing FAIR AI models, these studies pave the way toward reliable and automated AI-driven scientific discovery.

传统的过程挖掘技术将事件数据作为输入，其中每个事件与一个对象完全关联。对象表示过程的实例化。以对象为中心的事件数据包含与表达多个过程相互作用的多个对象关联的事件。由于传统的过程挖掘技术假设与一个对象相关的事件，因此这些技术不能应用于以对象为中心的事件数据。为了使用传统的过程挖掘技术，通过删除所有对象引用，以一种以对象为中心的事件数据来平坦。扁平过程是有损的，导致从扁平数据中提取的不准确的特征。此外，在变平时丢失了以对象事件数据的图形结构。在本文中，我们介绍了一个通用框架，用于从对象事件数据中提取和编码功能。我们在以对象为中心的事件数据上本地计算功能，从而导致准确的度量。此外，我们为这些功能提供了三个编码：基于表格，顺序和图形。尽管表格和顺序编码已在过程挖掘中大量使用，但基于图的编码是一种保留以对象事件数据结构的新技术。我们提供六种用例：为三个编码中的每个编码中的每一个提供可视化和预测用例。我们在预测用例中使用可解释的AI来显示以对象为中心的特征的实用性以及针对预测模型的基于顺序和基于图的编码的结构。

使用量子卷积神经网络（QCNN）的机器学习在量子和经典数据分类中都取得了成功。在先前的研究中，在少数参数制度中，在相同的训练条件下，QCNN的分类准确性比其经典对应物具有更高的分类精度。但是，由于量子电路的大小有限，因此很难检查大规模量子模型的一般性能，这可以在不久的将来可靠地实施。我们建议转移学习是在嘈杂的中间量子量子时代利用小QCNN的有效策略。在经典到量词转移学习框架中，QCNN可以通过使用预训练的经典卷积神经网络（CNN）来解决复杂的分类问题，而无需大规模量子电路。我们对QCNN模型进行了数值模拟，并在转移学习下对MNIST数据分类进行了各种量子卷积和汇总操作，其中经典的CNN经过了时尚持续数据的培训。结果表明，在相似的训练条件下，从经典到量子CNN的转移学习比纯粹的经典转移学习模型要好得多。

神经领域已成为一种新的数据表示范式，并在各种信号表示中表现出了显着的成功。由于它们在网络参数中保留信号，因此通过发送和接收整个模型参数来传输数据传输，可以防止在许多实际情况下使用这种新兴技术。我们提出了流媒体神经场，这是一个由各种宽度的可执行子网络组成的单个模型。拟议的建筑和培训技术使一个网络能够随着时间的流逝而流式传输，并重建不同的素质和一部分信号。例如，较小的子网络会产生光滑和低频信号，而较大的子网络可以代表细节。实验结果显示了我们方法在各个域中的有效性，例如2D图像，视频和3D签名的距离函数。最后，我们证明我们提出的方法通过利用参数共享来提高培训稳定性。

基于内核的量子分类器是用于复杂数据的超线化分类的最有趣，最强大的量子机学习技术，可以在浅深度量子电路（例如交换测试分类器）中轻松实现。出乎意料的是，通过引入差异方案，可以将支持向量机固有而明确地实现，以将SVM理论的二次优化问题映射到量子古典的变分优化问题。该方案使用参数化的量子电路（PQC）实现，以创建一个不均匀的权重向量，以索引量子位，可以在线性时间内评估训练损失和分类得分。我们训练该变量量子近似支持向量机（VQASVM）的经典参数，该参数可以转移到其他VQASVM决策推理电路的许多副本中，以分类新查询数据。我们的VQASVM算法对基于云的量子计算机的玩具示例数据集进行了实验，以进行可行性评估，并进行了数值研究以评估其在标准的IRIS花朵数据集上的性能。虹膜数据分类的准确性达到98.8％。

隐式神经表示（INR）被出现为代表信号的强大范例，例如图像，视频，3D形状等。尽管它已经示出了能够表示精细细节的能力，但其效率尚未得到广泛研究数据表示。在INR中，数据以神经网络的参数的形式存储，并且通用优化算法通常不会利用信号中的空间和时间冗余。在本文中，我们建议通过明确地删除数据冗余来表示和压缩视频的新型INR方法。我们提出了跨视频帧和残差的主体剩余流场（NRFF）而不是存储原始RGB颜色，而不是存储原始RGB颜色。维护通常更光滑和更复杂的运动信息，比原始信号更少，需要更少的参数。此外，重用冗余像素值进一步提高了网络参数效率。实验结果表明，所提出的方法优于基线方法的显着边际。代码可用于https://github.com/daniel03c1/eff_video_repruseentation。

超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害，数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的，而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统，可以监控，汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性，可操作和及时的见解。在这里，我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要，以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年，生物监测技术，生物标志科学，航天器硬件，智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟，并编织成精确的空间健康系统，以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。